Some common methods of generating word clouds also allow for making these clouds into custom shapes through the use of masks, rendering these visualizations even more convoluted, and arguably moving them into the realm of data art rather than an actually informative visualization of any underlying data.Ĭolor scales, if used, are most often qualitative in word bubbles or word clouds. The use of color in word clouds further confounds the visualization, unless denoting, for example, just two or three qualitative categories of words. See the Size guide below for the correct procedure.Īs mentioned above, assessing the relative surface area in word clouds is nearly impossible, and it is debatable whether even attempting to bring accurate relative scaling to character point sizes in words of various lengths is of any use, as the resulting visualization will regardless be little more than vaguely indicative of word frequency. Sizing symbols without keeping a constant aspect ratio, on the other hand, creates very unpleasant stretching effects and is inadvisable in general. For example, if the aspect ratio of a symbol is kept at a constant but its height is doubled, the area in fact quadruples. Word bubbles, much like proportional symbol charts, are unfortunately prone to problems with inaccurate scaling that exaggerate value differences. Articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and other common words not of interest are usually filtered out using a list of “stop words.” This is usually accomplished either with stemmers, which are suffix-stripping algorithms, or the more sophisticated lemmatizers, which determine a word’s most basic dictionary form based on grammar rules. This allows for words such as “conjugate” and “conjugating” to be counted as occurrences of the same root word, for example. To create word visualizations, it is often necessary to simplify the words sampled from a text, that is, to reduce them to their most basic form, in order to account for various conjugations and permutations of the same word. Color coding can also be employed to communicate categories of words, for example. The most commonly used words within the text are shown in larger font or bubble size than less used words. Word clouds scale the words in different font sizes based on their frequency, while in word bubbles, the words themselves are of relatively similar size but are placed within bubbles sized according to frequency. Comments can also be used to issue formatting requests to the layout team, graphic design crew, or printer.Word bubbles and word clouds are visualization types used to show the frequencies of certain words within any given text and employ primarily varying surface area to encode word frequencies. When you’re reviewing a collaborative document, comments are often necessary to explain or suggest an edit. Also, to turn off track changes, click the Track Changes button again, and it changes from blue back to white.
This is particularly important when collaborating with a large group. When you’re finished, save the document with a new filename to denote the modified version. When finished, choose Reject All Changes to globally reject all the remaining edits. If for some reason you don’t agree with most of your colleagues’ changes, click Accept on the ones you want to keep and choose Accept This Change from the list box. When finished, click Accept > Accept All Changes to globally accept all the remaining edits. When you see a change you don’t like, place your cursor anywhere on the marked change, click Reject, then choose Reject Change from the list box. Skim the document toggling between Simple Markup and All Markup. In fact, this is the quickest and easiest way to get through the process. Now you can review the document with the multi-colored edits on or off as you prefer.Ĭlick the track lines to toggle between Simple Markup (red) and All Markup (gray). As you read through the text, click the track line to toggle between All Markup (line turns gray) and Simple Markup (line turns red). Simple Markup just displays a red vertical track line adjacent to each line of text with changes. Fortunately, Word 2013 offers an additional option called Simple Markup, which is now the default choice when you turn on Track Changes.
In Microsoft Word 2013, choose All Markup to see every contributor’s changes.Īll those visible changes can be distracting when you’re reading a document. Also, notice the gray vertical track lines in the left margin, which indicate a change on the adjacent line. When the All Markup option is selected, the tracked document displays with all changes by all users, with each users’ edits in a different color.
Once you’ve opened the document you’ll be reviewing, select the Review tab, click the Track Changes button, then select Track Changes from the list box to turn on this feature.
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